Uyini umlando wokuthuthuka wefilimu yewindi lengilazi?

Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwefilimu yefasitela yengilazi awunakuhlukaniswa nomlando wokuthuthukiswa kwezinto zayo zokusetshenziswa kanye nemishini yokucubungula, ikakhulukazi umlando wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-vacuum evaporation coating.

I-United States yaqala ukwenza ifilimu yengilazi yengilazi eyenziwe nge-polyethylene (iphepha letiye) ngeminyaka yawo-1960. Ngaleso sikhathi, izakhiwo eziningi zazisebenzisa ingilazi evamile yokuntanta, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okubangelwa umnyango nengilazi yefasitela kwakungaphezu kwe-1/3 yesakhiwo sonke. Lapho abantu bedlulisela izinto zolwelwesi ezisetshenziswa endaweni yendiza ezicabheni namafasitela zokwakha, bathola ukuthi zingathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa elishisayo kanye nezakhiwo zokonga amandla. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani ezinkulu zaqala ukwenza ucwaningo kumafilimu efasitela engilazi. I-3M Company yakhipha ilungelo lobunikazi lokuqala lefilimu yokufakwa kwelanga ngo-1966. Inkinga kagesi emhlabeni wonke ngo-1970 yenza abantu basheshisa ukwakhiwa kwamafilimu engilazi. Inqubo yokumboza i-vacuum evaporation yasetshenziswa kumafilimu esisekelo se-PET, athuthuke kakhulu kubuchwepheshe befilimu yewindi lengilazi.

Ngo-1977, i-Deposition Technology, Inc. (I-Deposition Technology, Inc. yase-United States) (inkampani yatholwa yiBelgian Bekaert Group ngo-1991 ukuze yakhe i-Bekaert Special Coating Company) yasebenzisa ukukhiqizwa okuthuthukisiwe kwe-magnetron sputtering e-U.S. I-Air Force kanye ne-NASA. Ubuchwepheshe bethulwa embonini yefilimu yefasitela lengilazi, futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 kwaba umkhiqizi wokuqala emhlabeni ukusebenzisa inqubo ye-magnetron sputtering ukukhiqiza amafilimu ewindi lengilazi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yokugcoba i-vacuum evaporation yabanye abakhiqizi befilimu yewindi lengilazi, inzuzo enkulu kungenzeka ukwenza insimbi engagqwali, i-titanium, i-nickel, igolide, isiliva, ithusi nezinye izinsimbi zibe ungqimba lwe-alloy okhanyayo ovikela ukushisa, ukuze ingilazi. ifilimu yefasitela inokucaca okuphezulu okubonakalayo ngenkathi ithuthukisa kakhulu umsebenzi wokuvikela ukushisa, futhi ixazulula inkinga yokungcola. , Ifilimu yefasitela yengilazi ekhiqizwe yinqubo yokumboza i-vacuum evaporation ineziphambeko njengokubonisa okuphezulu nokufiphala kalula. Ngo-1985, inkampani yakhiqiza ifilimu yengilazi eyingilazi eyi-magnetron enobubanzi obungu-1540mm.

I-American Shaohua Technology Company ibambe iqhaza kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizweni kwamafilimu akhethekile adingekayo kubuchwepheshe bezempi nabasemkhathini. Maphakathi nawo-1980, inkampani yadlulisa ubuchwepheshe obunelungelo lobunikazi be-XIR obususelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezingxenye zefilimu ezacile zezimoto zasemkhathini zayiswa kubantu basemphakathini futhi yaqala ukuhweba okusezingeni eliphezulu Ukukhiqizwa Kwezentengiselwano kwefilimu yengilazi yengilazi. I-XIR icace kakhulu ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo ekukhanyeni kwelanga futhi ngokukhetha ivimba cishe yonke imisebe ye-infrared ne-ultraviolet, isungula indawo ehamba phambili emkhakheni wefilimu emincane nobuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo.

Inkampani yakwa-Israel i-Hanita yaqala ukukhiqizwa kwamafilimu okuphepha ngeminyaka yawo-1990. Yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezempi ekuqaleni futhi yajutshwa ososayensi abangamaJuda abavela ku-NASA ukuthi basebenzise amafilimu okuvikela engilazini ukuze kuvinjwe izinhlamvu neziqhumane ekulimazeni abantu nezinto ezisempini. ukunciphisa umonakalo nokulahlekelwa kwempahla yezempi nezinsiza. Njengoba isimo samazwe ngamazwe sincipha, lolu hlobo lwefilimu yokuvikela ekhiqizwe izinjongo zempi kancane kancane seluphenduke umkhiqizo wezohwebo, olunikeza abantu ukuvikelwa kokuphepha kuyo yonke ingilazi, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwalo ezindongeni zamakhethini, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalo ekongeni amandla kanye nokufakwa kwe-thermal. . Idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeni amalangabi futhi inikeza izinto ezifanele. Lobu buchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amafilimu ezokuphepha budluliselwe yiNkampani ye-Hanita ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, okuhlanganisa i-United States ne-Japan, ngokudluliswa kobuchwepheshe.

Ukungena ekhulwini lama-21, abakhiqizi befilimu yamafasitela engilazi baye benza impumelelo kwezobuchwepheshe. Amafilimu anokungena okuphezulu okuyingqayizivele kokukhanya okubonakalayo nokulawula okushisayo okuphezulu okungaxosha ukushisa kuphumile. Basebenzisa amafilimu amafasitela avamile njenge-laminate futhi basebenzisa amafilimu anemisebenzi ehlukene. Ifilimu iboshiwe futhi ibekwe phezulu ungqimba ngongqimba, ukuze ifilimu ikwazi ukwandisa ukumelana komthelela kwengilazi izikhathi ezingaphezu kwekhulu endaweni yokudlulisa ukukhanya okuphakeme, izinga lokuvikela ukushisa, nezinga lokuvikela i-ultraviolet. Eminyakeni yamuva, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwesigameko se-"911" e-United States, ifilimu yefasitela yengilazi, njengento entsha yokwakha, iye yasetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakheni iminyango, amafasitela, ama-partitions, uphahla kanye nokuvikelwa kwezokuphepha embonini yasebhange.